DNSDomain Name System — translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses. maps human-readable names like `example.com` to IPInternet Protocol — the addressing and routing layer that moves packets across networks. addresses via distributed servers. A resolver asks recursive questions; authoritative servers answer for their zone. Every browser URLUniform Resource Locator — the address that identifies a resource on the web., APIApplication programming interface — a defined way for programs to talk to each other or to a service. call, and email MX lookup still depends on DNSDomain Name System — translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses. — later refined in RFC 1034/1035 and extended with DNSSEC.

DNSDomain Name System — translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses. solved the scaling crisis of maintaining one giant hosts file for the growing internet.

Hierarchical domain names became the addressing layer the web and email built on.